PENYELESAIAN
SIKLUS AKUNTANSI
1. Ayat Jurnal Penutup (Closing
Entries )
Merupakan ayat jurnal yang dibuat untuk memindahkan
saldo-saldo akun nominal ( nominal
account ) atau akun sementara ( temporary
account ) karena hanya melaporkan jumlah – jumlah pada satu periode saja ke
akun Income summary. ( Reeve Fees. 2005 : 187 ). Ayat jurnal penutup di buat
pada akhir periode sebelum memasuki periode pembukuan baru.
2. Proses Closing
Akun pendapatan
dan beban selama periode tertentu yang
telah dilaporkan pada akhir periode harus menjadi nol pada awal periode berikutnya. Sedangkan
saldo akun balance sheet atau akun riil (Real
accounts).akan digunakan sebagai saldo awal pada periode berikutnya,
Saldo akun
pendapatan dan beban akan dipindahkan pada akun ikhtisar laba rugi (income summary). Dari income summary kemudian dipindahkan pada
akun owners’ equity.
Pada akhir
periode akuntansi, saldo akun pengambilan pribadi ( withdrawal ) harus dilaporkan pada statement of owners’
equity. Pengambilan pribadi ini
dikurangkan dari net income atau
ditambahkan dari net loss untuk
periode tersebut untuk menentukan penambahan atau pengurangan owners’
equity. Bila pengambilan pribadi ini
dilaporkan untuk setiap periode maka saldo ini harus nol pada periode
berikutnya. Oleh karena itu akun
pengambilan pribadi disebut akun nominal.
Saldo akun ini harus dipindahkan kepada akun owners’ equity pada akhir
periode.
Ada empat macam
closing entry yang diperlukan pada akhir periode akuntansi. Untuk perusahaan perorangan jurnal tersebut
adalah :
1.
Setiap
akun pendapatan didebet dengan jumlah saldonya dan income summary dikredit
dengan total pendapatan tersebut.
2.
Setiap
akun beban dikredit dengan jumlah saldonya dan income summary didebet dengan
total beban tersebut
3.
Income
summary didebet dengan jumlah saldonya (net income) dan capital dikredit dengan
jumlah yang sama (dalam hal saldo rugi, akun yang didebet dan dikredit persis
kebalikannya)
4.
Akun
withdrawal dikredit dengan jumlah saldonya dan akun capital didebet dengan
jumlah yang sama
Nama akun dan
saldo yang diperlukan dalam penyusunan closing entry dapat diperoleh dari :
1.
Neraca
lajur (worksheet)
2.
Income
Statement dan Statement of Owners’ Equity
3.
Ledger
Closing entry untuk Alam’s Computer
DATE
|
DESCRIPTION
|
REF
|
DEBIT
|
CREDIT
|
||
2010
|
|
|
|
|
||
Dec
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
31
|
Fees
Earned
|
41
|
5,060,000
|
|
|
|
|
Rent
Earned
|
42
|
55,000
|
|
|
|
|
Income Summary
|
33
|
|
5,115,000
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
31
|
Income
Summary
|
|
2,829,750
|
|
|
|
|
Wages Expense
|
51
|
|
1,182,500
|
|
|
|
Supplies Expense
|
55
|
|
770,000
|
|
|
|
Rent Expense
|
52
|
|
275,000
|
|
|
|
Utilities Expense
|
54
|
|
181,500
|
|
|
|
Advertising Expense
|
56
|
|
33,000
|
|
|
|
Depreciation Expense
|
53
|
|
19,250
|
|
|
|
Insurance Expense
|
57
|
|
11,000
|
|
|
|
Miscellaneous Expense
|
59
|
|
357,500
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
31
|
Income
Summary
|
33
|
2,285,250
|
|
|
|
|
Sabda's Capital
|
31
|
|
2,285,250
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
31
|
Sabda's
Capital
|
31
|
1,265,000
|
|
|
|
|
Sabda's Withdrawal
|
32
|
|
1,265,000
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Berikut closing Perusahaan Alam’ s
Computer :
Keterangan :
1.
Pemindahan
pendapatan ke income summary
2.
Pemindahan
beban ke income summary
3.
Pemindahan
net income ke capital
4.
Pemindahan
withdrawal ke capital
Setelah closing
entry diposting ke ledger, maka saldo akun capital akan sesuai dengan jumlah
yang dilaporkan pada statement of owners’ equity. Dan saldo akun
pendapatan, beban dan withdrawal akan menjadi nol.
Buku besar perusahaan Alam’s Computer setelah adjustment entry dan closing
entry dibukukan adalah sebagai berikut :
LEDGER
Account
:
|
Cash
|
|
|
|
|
Acc.
No. 11
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
DATE
|
ITEM
|
REF
|
DEBIT
|
CREDIT
|
BALANCE
|
||
DEBIT
|
KREDIT
|
||||||
2010
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Nov
|
15
|
|
|
11,000,000
|
|
11,000,000
|
|
|
20
|
|
|
|
2,200,000
|
8,800,000
|
|
|
25
|
|
|
1,925,000
|
|
10,725,000
|
|
|
27
|
|
|
|
550,000
|
10,175,000
|
|
|
29
|
|
|
|
1,210,000
|
8,965,000
|
|
|
30
|
|
|
|
550,000
|
8,415,000
|
|
Dec
|
1
|
|
|
|
264,000
|
8,151,000
|
|
|
2
|
|
|
|
2,640,000
|
5,511,000
|
|
|
4
|
|
|
330,000
|
|
5,841,000
|
|
|
10
|
|
|
|
33,000
|
5,808,000
|
|
|
15
|
|
|
|
275,000
|
5,533,000
|
|
|
25
|
|
|
|
385,000
|
5,148,000
|
|
|
25
|
|
|
1,485,000
|
|
6,633,000
|
|
|
26
|
|
|
|
275,000
|
6,358,000
|
|
|
27
|
|
|
|
55,000
|
6,303,000
|
|
|
28
|
|
|
|
165,000
|
6,138,000
|
|
|
28
|
|
|
|
82,500
|
6,055,500
|
|
|
29
|
|
|
|
99,000
|
5,956,500
|
|
|
30
|
|
|
495,000
|
|
6,451,500
|
|
|
30
|
|
|
|
715,000
|
5,736,500
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Account :
|
Account
Receivable
|
|
|
Acc.
No : 12
|
|||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
DATE
|
ITEM
|
REF
|
DEBIT
|
CREDIT
|
BALANCE
|
||
|
DEBET
|
KREDIT
|
|||||
2010
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Dec
|
25
|
|
|
385,000
|
|
385,000
|
|
|
30
|
|
|
275,000
|
|
660,000
|
|
|
31
|
AJE
|
|
495,000
|
|
1,155,000
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Account :
|
Supplies
|
|
|
|
|
Acc.
No : 13
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
DATE
|
ITEM
|
REF
|
DEBIT
|
CREDIT
|
BALANCE
|
||
|
DEBET
|
KREDIT
|
|||||
2010
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Nov
|
22
|
|
|
825,000
|
|
825,000
|
|
|
30
|
|
|
|
550,000
|
275,000
|
|
Dec
|
27
|
|
|
55,000
|
|
330,000
|
|
|
31
|
AJE
|
|
|
220,000
|
110,000
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Account :
|
Prepaid
Rent
|
|
|
|
Acc.
No : 14
|
||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
DATE
|
ITEM
|
REF
|
DEBIT
|
CREDIT
|
BALANCE
|
||
|
DEBET
|
KREDIT
|
|||||
2010
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Dec
|
2
|
|
|
2,640,000
|
|
2,640,000
|
|
|
31
|
AJE
|
|
|
220,000
|
2,420,000
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Account :
|
Prepaid
Insurance
|
|
|
Acc.
No : 15
|
|||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
DATE
|
ITEM
|
REF
|
DEBIT
|
CREDIT
|
BALANCE
|
||
|
DEBET
|
KREDIT
|
|||||
2010
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Dec
|
1
|
|
|
264,000
|
|
264,000
|
|
|
31
|
AJE
|
|
|
11,000
|
253,000
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Account :
|
Land
|
|
|
|
|
Acc.
No : 17
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
DATE
|
ITEM
|
REF
|
DEBIT
|
CREDIT
|
BALANCE
|
||
|
DEBET
|
KREDIT
|
|||||
2010
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Nov
|
20
|
|
|
2,200,000
|
|
2,200,000
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Account :
|
Automobile
|
|
|
|
Acc.
No : 18
|
||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
DATE
|
ITEM
|
REF
|
DEBIT
|
CREDIT
|
BALANCE
|
||
|
DEBET
|
KREDIT
|
|||||
2010
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Dec
|
5
|
|
|
4,950,000
|
|
4,950,000
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Account :
|
Account
Payable
|
|
|
Acc.
No : 21
|
|||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
DATE
|
ITEM
|
REF
|
DEBIT
|
CREDIT
|
BALANCE
|
||
|
DEBET
|
KREDIT
|
|||||
2010
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Nov
|
22
|
|
|
|
825,000
|
|
825,000
|
|
27
|
|
|
550,000
|
|
|
275,000
|
Dec
|
5
|
|
|
|
4,950,000
|
|
5,225,000
|
|
15
|
|
|
275,000
|
|
|
4,950,000
|
|
26
|
|
|
275,000
|
|
|
4,675,000
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Account :
|
Unearned
Rent
|
|
|
|
Acc.
No : 23
|
||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
DATE
|
ITEM
|
REF
|
DEBIT
|
CREDIT
|
BALANCE
|
||
|
DEBET
|
KREDIT
|
|||||
2010
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Dec
|
4
|
|
|
|
330,000
|
|
330,000
|
|
31
|
AJE
|
|
55,000
|
|
|
275,000
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Account :
|
Sabda,
Capital
|
|
|
|
Acc.
No : 31
|
||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
DATE
|
ITEM
|
REF
|
DEBIT
|
CREDIT
|
BALANCE
|
||
|
DEBET
|
KREDIT
|
|||||
2010
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Nov
|
15
|
|
|
|
11,000,000
|
|
11,000,000
|
Dec
|
31
|
CE
|
|
|
2,065,250
|
|
13,065,250
|
|
31
|
CE
|
|
1,265,000
|
|
|
11,800,250
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Account :
|
Sabda,
Drawing
|
|
|
|
Acc.
No : 32
|
||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
DATE
|
ITEM
|
REF
|
DEBIT
|
CREDIT
|
BALANCE
|
||
|
DEBET
|
KREDIT
|
|||||
2010
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Nov
|
30
|
|
|
550,000
|
|
550,000
|
|
Dec
|
30
|
|
|
715,000
|
|
1,265,000
|
|
|
31
|
CE
|
|
|
1,265,000
|
-
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Account :
|
Fees
Earned
|
|
|
|
Acc.
No : 41
|
||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
DATE
|
ITEM
|
REF
|
DEBIT
|
CREDIT
|
BALANCE
|
||
|
DEBET
|
KREDIT
|
|||||
2010
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Nov
|
25
|
|
|
|
1,925,000
|
|
1,925,000
|
Dec
|
25
|
|
|
|
1,485,000
|
|
3,410,000
|
|
25
|
|
|
|
385,000
|
|
3,795,000
|
|
30
|
|
|
|
495,000
|
|
4,290,000
|
|
30
|
|
|
|
275,000
|
|
4,565,000
|
|
31
|
AJE
|
|
|
495,000
|
|
5,060,000
|
|
31
|
CE
|
|
5,060,000
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Account :
|
Wages
Expense
|
|
|
|
Acc.
No : 51
|
||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
DATE
|
ITEM
|
REF
|
DEBIT
|
CREDIT
|
BALANCE
|
||
|
DEBET
|
KREDIT
|
|||||
2010
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Nov
|
29
|
|
|
577,500
|
|
577,500
|
|
Dec
|
25
|
|
|
385,000
|
|
962,500
|
|
|
28
|
|
|
165,000
|
|
1,127,500
|
|
|
31
|
AJE
|
|
55,000
|
|
1,182,500
|
|
|
31
|
CE
|
|
|
1,182,500
|
-
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Account :
|
Rent
Expense
|
|
|
|
Acc.
No : 52
|
||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
DATE
|
ITEM
|
REF
|
DEBIT
|
CREDIT
|
BALANCE
|
||
|
DEBET
|
KREDIT
|
|||||
2010
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Nov
|
29
|
|
|
275,000
|
|
275,000
|
|
Dec
|
31
|
AJE
|
|
220,000
|
|
495,000
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Account :
|
Utilities
Expense
|
|
|
Acc.
No : 54
|
|||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
DATE
|
ITEM
|
REF
|
DEBIT
|
CREDIT
|
BALANCE
|
||
|
DEBET
|
KREDIT
|
|||||
2010
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Dec
|
28
|
|
|
82,500
|
|
82,500
|
|
|
29
|
|
|
99,000
|
|
181,500
|
|
|
31
|
CE
|
|
|
181,500
|
-
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Account :
|
Supplies
Expense
|
|
|
Acc.
No : 55
|
|||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
DATE
|
ITEM
|
REF
|
DEBIT
|
CREDIT
|
BALANCE
|
||
|
DEBET
|
KREDIT
|
|||||
2010
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Nov
|
30
|
|
|
550,000
|
|
550,000
|
|
Dec
|
31
|
AJE
|
|
220,000
|
|
770,000
|
|
|
31
|
CE
|
|
|
770,000
|
-
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Account :
|
Advertising Expense
|
|
|
Acc.
No : 56
|
|||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
DATE
|
ITEM
|
REF
|
DEBIT
|
CREDIT
|
BALANCE
|
||
|
DEBET
|
KREDIT
|
|||||
2010
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Dec
|
10
|
|
|
33,000
|
|
33,000
|
|
|
31
|
CE
|
|
|
33,000
|
-
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Account :
|
Miscellaneous Expense
|
|
|
Acc.
No : 59
|
|||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
DATE
|
ITEM
|
REF
|
DEBIT
|
CREDIT
|
BALANCE
|
||
|
DEBET
|
KREDIT
|
|||||
2010
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Nov
|
29
|
|
|
357,500
|
|
357,500
|
|
Dec
|
31
|
CE
|
|
|
357,500
|
-
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Account :
|
Depreciation
Expense
|
|
|
Acc.
No : 53
|
|||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
DATE
|
ITEM
|
REF
|
DEBIT
|
CREDIT
|
BALANCE
|
||
|
DEBET
|
KREDIT
|
|||||
2010
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Dec
|
31
|
AJE
|
|
19,250
|
|
19,250
|
|
Dec
|
31
|
CE
|
|
|
19,250
|
-
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Account :
|
Insurance
Expense
|
|
|
Acc.
No : 57
|
|||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
DATE
|
ITEM
|
REF
|
DEBIT
|
CREDIT
|
BALANCE
|
||
|
DEBET
|
KREDIT
|
|||||
2010
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Dec
|
31
|
AJE
|
|
11,000
|
|
11,000
|
|
Dec
|
31
|
CE
|
|
|
11,000
|
-
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Account :
|
Rent
Earned
|
|
|
|
Acc.
No : 42
|
||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
DATE
|
ITEM
|
REF
|
DEBIT
|
CREDIT
|
BALANCE
|
||
|
DEBET
|
KREDIT
|
|||||
2010
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Dec
|
31
|
AJE
|
|
|
55,000
|
|
55,000
|
Dec
|
31
|
CE
|
|
55,000
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Account :
|
Wages
Payable
|
|
|
|
Acc.
No : 22
|
||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
DATE
|
ITEM
|
REF
|
DEBIT
|
CREDIT
|
BALANCE
|
||
|
DEBET
|
KREDIT
|
|||||
2010
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Dec
|
31
|
AJE
|
|
|
55,000
|
|
55,000
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Account :
|
Accumulated
Depreciation
|
|
|
Acc.
No : 19
|
|||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
DATE
|
ITEM
|
REF
|
DEBIT
|
CREDIT
|
BALANCE
|
||
|
DEBET
|
KREDIT
|
|||||
2010
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Dec
|
31
|
AJE
|
|
|
19,250
|
|
19,250
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
3. Neraca Saldo Setelah Penutupan
Penyusunan
neraca saldo setelah penutupan buku ( post-closing
trial balance ) adalah untuk memastikan bahwa ledger akun – akun riil dalam
keadaan seimbang sama jumlah debit dan kreditnya dan merupakan
saldo awal pada awal periode berikutnya
ALAM'S COMPUTER
|
||
POST CLOSING TRIAL
BALANCE
|
||
31-Dec-10
|
||
|
|
|
ACCOUNT TITLE
|
DEBIT
|
CREDIT
|
Cash
|
5,736,500
|
|
Account
Receivable
|
1,155,000
|
|
Supplies
|
110,000
|
|
Prepaid
Rent
|
2,420,000
|
|
Prepaid
Insurance
|
253,000
|
|
Land
|
2,200,000
|
|
Automobile
|
4,950,000
|
|
Account
Payable
|
|
4,675,000
|
Unearned
Rent
|
|
275,000
|
Accumulated
Depreciation
|
|
19,250
|
Wages
Payable
|
|
55,000
|
Sabda's
Capital
|
|
11,800,250
|
|
16,824,500
|
16,824,500
|
5. Siklus Akuntansi
Dengan
disusunnya neraca saldo setelah penutupan, prosedur akuntansi mulai memasuki
periode baru diawali dengan saldo – saldo akun yang ada pada neraca saldo
setelah penutupan, sehingga bila kita uraikan kembali siklus akuntansi yang sudah kita pelajari meliputi :
Buku
jurnal
|
Buku
besar
|
Laporan
keuangan
|
Neraca
lajur
|
Dokumen
sumber
|
1 2 3 4
Keterangan :
1.
Menganalisa dan mencatat transaksi usaha kedalam jurnal
2.
Memposting ke dalam buku besar ( ledger )
3.
Menyiapkan Neraca Saldo ( Trial balance ), dan menyusun data penyesuaian dan menyelesakan worksheet
4.
Menyusun Laporan Keuangan
Kemudian :
1.
Membuat
ayat jurnal penyesuaian dan ayat jurnal penutup
2.
Memposting
ayat jurnal penyesuaian dan ayat jurnal penutup ke dalam buku besar ( ledger )
3.
Menyusun
Post - Closing Trial Balance
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