POSTING DAN PENYUSUNAN NERACA SALDO
1.
Posting ke Buku
Besar
Posting
merupakan proses pemindahan debit dan kredit dari dari buku jurnal ke buku besar ( akun – akun )
. ( Revee fess, 2005:71 ). Setelah transaksi dicatat dalam buku
jurnal, kemudian dipindahkan ke buku besar. Posting tidak dilakukan setiap ayat
jurnal dicatat akan tetapi setelah beberapa ayat jurnal dicatat, misalnya pada
setiap akhir hari atau lebih lama, tergantung pada jumlah transaksi yang
terjadi.
1.1 Prosedur dalam melakukan posting adalah
sebagai berikut :
a)
Catat tanggal dan
jumlah ayat jurnal ke akun masing-masing
b)
Cantumkan nomor halaman jurnal pada lajur Post Ref. Pembukuan dalam akun tersebut
c)
Cantumkan
nomor akun buku besar pada lajur Post Ref. Pembukuan didalam jurnal
Prosedur posting dilakukan
agar tidak ada akun yang diposting lebih dari satu kali atau bahkan tidak
terposting sama sekali ( cross check )
2.
Buku Besar ( Ledger )
Buku Besar (Ledger) adalah buku catatan akhir yang
terdiri dari kumpulan akun - akun yang digunakan oleh suatu perusahaan untuk
mencatat transaksinya.
2.1 Bentuk Buku Besar ( Ledger )
a. Bentuk 2 kolom ( bentuk T )
b. Bentuk 3 kolom
c.
Bentuk
4 kolom
Contoh bentuk 2 kolom :
Account
|
|
|
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Account
No :
|
|||
Date
|
Explanation
|
P.R
|
Debit
|
Date
|
Explanation
|
P.R
|
Credit
|
||
|
|
|
|
|
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||
|
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||
Kebaikannya :
Dapat memisahkan antara
kelompok transaksi debit dan kelompok transaksi kredit
Kelemahannya
:
·
Tidak
dapat mencatat secara kronologis mengenai seluruh transaksi keuangan yang
menyangkut akun ybs
·
Tidak
dapat mengetahui saldo akun pada setiap saat. Untuk mengetahui saldo akun harus
menghitung lebih dahulu jumlah sebelah debit dan jumlah sebelah kredit,
kemudian dibandingkan, dicari selisihnya. Selisih itulah saldo akunnya
Contoh 3 kolom :
Account
|
|
|
|
Account
No :
|
|
Date
|
Explanation
|
P.R
|
Debit
|
Credit
|
Balance
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Kebaikannnya
:
·
Dapat
mencatat secara kronologis mengenai seluruh transaksi keuangan yang menyangkut akun
ybs
·
Dapat mengetahui saldo akun pada setiap saat.
Kelemahannya :
Tidak
dapat memisahkan antara kelompok transaksi debit dan kelompok transaksi kredit
Contoh 4 kolom :
Account
|
|
|
|
|
||||
Date
|
Explanation
|
P.R
|
Debit
|
Credit
|
Balance
Debit Credit
|
|||
|
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|
|||
|
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|
|
Kebaikannnya :
·
Dapat
mencatat secara kronologis mengenai seluruh transaksi keuangan yang menyangkut akun
ybs
·
Dapat
mengetahui saldo akun pada setiap saat dengan status debit atau kredit.
Buku besar masing – masing akun pada perusahaan Alam’s Computer adalah sebagai berikut :
Account
:
|
Cash
|
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Acc.
No. 11
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DATE
|
|
ITEM
|
REF
|
DEBIT
|
CREDIT
|
BALANCE
|
|
|
DEBIT
|
KREDIT
|
|||||
2010
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Nov
|
15
|
|
|
11,000,000
|
|
11,000,000
|
|
|
20
|
|
|
|
2,200,000
|
8,800,000
|
|
|
25
|
|
|
1,925,000
|
|
10,725,000
|
|
|
27
|
|
|
|
550,000
|
10,175,000
|
|
|
29
|
|
|
|
1,210,000
|
8,965,000
|
|
|
30
|
|
|
|
550,000
|
8,415,000
|
|
Dec
|
1
|
|
|
|
264,000
|
8,151,000
|
|
|
2
|
|
|
|
2,640,000
|
5,511,000
|
|
|
4
|
|
|
330,000
|
|
5,841,000
|
|
|
10
|
|
|
|
33,000
|
5,808,000
|
|
|
15
|
|
|
|
275,000
|
5,533,000
|
|
|
25
|
|
|
|
385,000
|
5,148,000
|
|
|
25
|
|
|
1,485,000
|
|
6,633,000
|
|
|
26
|
|
|
|
275,000
|
6,358,000
|
|
|
27
|
|
|
|
55,000
|
6,303,000
|
|
|
28
|
|
|
|
165,000
|
6,138,000
|
|
|
28
|
|
|
|
82,500
|
6,055,500
|
|
|
29
|
|
|
|
99,000
|
5,956,500
|
|
|
30
|
|
|
495,000
|
|
6,451,500
|
|
|
30
|
|
|
|
715,000
|
5,736,500
|
|
|
|
|
|
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Account :
|
Account
Receivable
|
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Acc.
No : 12
|
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DATE
|
|
ITEM
|
REF
|
DEBIT
|
CREDIT
|
BALANCE
|
|
|
|
DEBET
|
KREDIT
|
||||
2010
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Dec
|
25
|
|
|
385,000
|
|
385,000
|
|
|
30
|
|
|
275,000
|
|
660,000
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
660,000
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
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|
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Account :
|
Supplies
|
|
|
|
|
Acc.
No : 13
|
|
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|
|
|
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DATE
|
|
ITEM
|
REF
|
DEBIT
|
CREDIT
|
BALANCE
|
|
|
|
DEBET
|
KREDIT
|
||||
2010
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Nov
|
22
|
|
|
825,000
|
|
825,000
|
|
|
30
|
|
|
|
550,000
|
275,000
|
|
Dec
|
27
|
|
|
55,000
|
|
330,000
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
330,000
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
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Account :
|
Prepaid
Rent
|
|
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|
Acc.
No : 14
|
||
|
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DATE
|
|
ITEM
|
REF
|
DEBIT
|
CREDIT
|
BALANCE
|
|
|
|
DEBET
|
KREDIT
|
||||
2010
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Dec
|
2
|
|
|
2,640,000
|
|
2,640,000
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Account :
|
Prepaid
Insurance
|
|
|
Acc.
No : 15
|
|||
|
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|
|
|
|
DATE
|
|
ITEM
|
REF
|
DEBIT
|
CREDIT
|
BALANCE
|
|
|
|
DEBET
|
KREDIT
|
||||
2010
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Dec
|
1
|
|
|
264,000
|
|
264,000
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
264,000
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
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Account :
|
Land
|
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Acc.
No : 17
|
|
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|
|
|
DATE
|
|
ITEM
|
REF
|
DEBIT
|
CREDIT
|
BALANCE
|
|
|
|
DEBET
|
KREDIT
|
||||
2010
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Nov
|
20
|
|
|
2,200,000
|
|
2,200,000
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Account :
|
Automobile
|
|
|
|
Acc.
No : 18
|
||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
DATE
|
|
ITEM
|
REF
|
DEBIT
|
CREDIT
|
BALANCE
|
|
|
|
DEBET
|
KREDIT
|
||||
2010
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Dec
|
5
|
|
|
4,950,000
|
|
4,950,000
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Account :
|
Account
Payable
|
|
|
|
Acc.
No : 21
|
||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
DATE
|
|
ITEM
|
REF
|
DEBIT
|
CREDIT
|
BALANCE
|
|
|
|
DEBET
|
KREDIT
|
||||
2010
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Nov
|
22
|
|
|
|
825,000
|
|
825,000
|
|
27
|
|
|
550,000
|
|
|
275,000
|
Dec
|
5
|
|
|
|
4,950,000
|
|
5,225,000
|
|
15
|
|
|
275,000
|
|
|
4,950,000
|
|
26
|
|
|
275,000
|
|
|
4,675,000
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Account :
|
Unearned
Rent
|
|
|
|
Acc.
No : 23
|
||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
DATE
|
|
ITEM
|
REF
|
DEBIT
|
CREDIT
|
BALANCE
|
|
|
|
DEBET
|
KREDIT
|
||||
2010
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Dec
|
4
|
|
|
|
330,000
|
|
330,000
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
330,000
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Account :
|
Sabda,
Capital
|
|
|
|
Acc.
No : 31
|
||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
DATE
|
|
ITEM
|
REF
|
DEBIT
|
CREDIT
|
BALANCE
|
|
|
|
DEBET
|
KREDIT
|
||||
2010
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Nov
|
15
|
|
|
|
11,000,000
|
|
11,000,000
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
11,000,000
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Account :
|
Sabda,
Drawing
|
|
|
|
Acc.
No : 32
|
||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
DATE
|
|
ITEM
|
REF
|
DEBIT
|
CREDIT
|
BALANCE
|
|
|
|
DEBET
|
KREDIT
|
||||
2010
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Nov
|
30
|
|
|
550,000
|
|
550,000
|
|
Dec
|
30
|
|
|
715,000
|
|
1,265,000
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1,265,000
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Account :
|
Fees
Earned
|
|
|
|
Acc.
No : 41
|
||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
DATE
|
|
ITEM
|
REF
|
DEBIT
|
CREDIT
|
BALANCE
|
|
|
|
DEBET
|
KREDIT
|
||||
2010
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Nov
|
25
|
|
|
|
1,925,000
|
|
1,925,000
|
Dec
|
25
|
|
|
|
1,485,000
|
|
3,410,000
|
|
25
|
|
|
|
385,000
|
|
3,795,000
|
|
30
|
|
|
|
495,000
|
|
4,290,000
|
|
30
|
|
|
|
275,000
|
|
4,565,000
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
4,565,000
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Account :
|
Wages
Expense
|
|
|
|
Acc.
No : 51
|
||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
DATE
|
|
ITEM
|
REF
|
DEBIT
|
CREDIT
|
BALANCE
|
|
|
|
DEBET
|
KREDIT
|
||||
2010
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Nov
|
29
|
|
|
577,500
|
|
577,500
|
|
Dec
|
25
|
|
|
385,000
|
|
962,500
|
|
|
28
|
|
|
165,000
|
|
1,127,500
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1,127,500
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Account :
|
Rent
Expense
|
|
|
|
Acc.
No : 52
|
||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
DATE
|
|
ITEM
|
REF
|
DEBIT
|
CREDIT
|
BALANCE
|
|
|
|
DEBET
|
KREDIT
|
||||
2010
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Nov
|
29
|
|
|
275,000
|
|
275,000
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
275,000
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Account :
|
Utilities
Expense
|
|
|
|
Acc.
No : 54
|
||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
DATE
|
|
ITEM
|
REF
|
DEBIT
|
CREDIT
|
BALANCE
|
|
|
|
DEBET
|
KREDIT
|
||||
2010
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Dec
|
28
|
|
|
82,500
|
|
82,500
|
|
|
29
|
|
|
99,000
|
|
181,500
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
181,500
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Account :
|
Supplies
Expense
|
|
|
Acc.
No : 55
|
|||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
DATE
|
|
ITEM
|
REF
|
DEBIT
|
CREDIT
|
BALANCE
|
|
|
|
DEBET
|
KREDIT
|
||||
2010
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Nov
|
30
|
|
|
550,000
|
|
550,000
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
550,000
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Account :
|
Advertising Expense
|
|
|
Acc.
No : 56
|
|||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
DATE
|
|
ITEM
|
REF
|
DEBIT
|
CREDIT
|
BALANCE
|
|
|
|
DEBET
|
KREDIT
|
||||
2010
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Dec
|
10
|
|
|
33,000
|
|
33,000
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
33,000
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Account :
|
Miscellaneous Expense
|
|
|
Acc.
No : 59
|
|||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
DATE
|
|
ITEM
|
REF
|
DEBIT
|
CREDIT
|
BALANCE
|
|
|
|
DEBET
|
KREDIT
|
||||
2010
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Nov
|
29
|
|
|
357,500
|
|
357,500
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
357,500
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
5 : NERACA SALDO DAN
KOREKSI KESALAHAN
3.
Penyusunan Neraca Saldo
( Trial Balance )
Neraca
saldo akan memperlihatkan ringkasan akun buku besar dengan baik, sehingga
menjadi sumber informasi yang baik bagi persiapan pembuatan neraca dan laporan
laba-rugi, neraca saldo dibuat agar kita yakin bahwa posting telah dilakukan
dengan benar, salah satu caranya adalah dengan mencocokan jumlah debit dan
jumlah kredit dalam buku besar. Jumlah debit dan kredit dalam buku besar harus
seimbang
3.1 Bentuk
Neraca saldo
Neraca percobaan
untuk perusahaan Alam’s Computer adalah sebagai berikut :
Alam’s Computer
Trial Balance
31 Desember 2010
ACCOUNT TITLE
|
Trial Balance
|
|
|
Debit
|
Credit
|
Cash
|
5,736,500
|
|
Account
Receivable
|
660,000
|
|
Supplies
|
330,000
|
|
Prepaid
Rent
|
2,640,000
|
|
Prepaid
Insurance
|
264,000
|
|
Land
|
2,200,000
|
|
Automobile
|
4,950,000
|
|
Account
Payable
|
|
4,675,000
|
Unearned
Rent
|
|
330,000
|
Sabda
Capital
|
|
11,000,000
|
Sabda
Drawing
|
1,265,000
|
|
Fees
Earned
|
|
4,565,000
|
Wages
Expense
|
1,127,500
|
|
Rent
Expense
|
275,000
|
|
Utilities
Expense
|
181,500
|
|
Supplies
Expense
|
550,000
|
|
Advertising
Expense
|
33,000
|
|
Miscellaneous
Expense
|
357,500
|
|
Total
|
20,570,000
|
20,570,000
|
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